RansomLook contains multiple weaknesses in its authentication endpoint that allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to enumerate valid usernames, perform unrestricted password-guessing attacks, and potentially exhaust application worker resources. For local authentication, the login implementation previously checked whether a submitted username existed before invoking the password hash verification function. Requests containing a nonexistent username therefore returned significantly faster than requests for valid accounts, for which the computationally expensive password verification routine was executed. A remote attacker could measure these response-time differences to determine which usernames correspond to valid RansomLook accounts. In addition, the /login endpoint did not restrict the number or frequency of failed authentication attempts. An attacker could consequently perform password brute-force, dictionary, password-spraying, or credential-stuffing attacks against known accounts without server-side throttling. For valid usernames, each authentication attempt also invokes the password key-derivation function, which consumes a significant amount of CPU time. A sufficiently high rate of login attempts could therefore occupy the application's synchronous Gunicorn workers and cause a denial of service affecting the entire application. The issue has been addressed by always performing password verification using a randomly generated dummy password hash when the supplied username does not exist, eliminating the username-dependent timing discrepancy. Failed authentication attempts are additionally rate-limited per client IP address using Valkey/Redis, with five failed attempts within five minutes resulting in a one-hour block. The reverse-proxy configuration was also updated so that the application derives the client address from a trusted X-Forwarded-For value that cannot be overridden by a client-supplied header.

A flaw has been found in Faveo Helpdesk up to 2.0.3. This impacts the function FormController::post_ticket_reply of the file app/Http/Controllers/Client/helpdesk/FormController.php of the component post-ticket-reply Endpoint. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Multiple DrayTek VigorSwitch models contain a directory traversal vulnerability in the getSyslogFile function. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the option field. A remote attacker can trigger this vulnerability via crafted input containing path traversal sequences to access arbitrary files on the device. Exploitation requires valid administrative credentials for the device's web management interface.

Multiple vulnerabilities on affected versions of Zscaler Client Connector allow local privilege escalation, giving an unprivileged user the ability to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context.

webpack-dev-middleware resolves a request to a local file in getFilenameFromUrl by testing the request pathname against a traversal guard and then slicing it at a fixed character offset. The guard, UP_PATH_REGEXP applied to path.normalize(`./${pathname}`), only matches ".." that stands as a whole path segment, while the containment test is the string comparison pathname.startsWith(publicPathPathname) and the file path is built as path.join(outputPath, pathname.slice(publicPathPathname.length)). When the configured publicPath has no trailing slash, a request such as GET /assets../.env against publicPath /assets yields the pathname /assets../.env, whose only dot-dot sits inside the segment "assets.." and so passes the guard, but the offset slice cuts within that segment and hands "../.env" to path.join, resolving one directory above outputPath. Reading a file from that path requires the middleware to be backed by the physical filesystem, which happens when writeToDisk is true or a custom outputFileSystem is supplied, since the default memfs volume holds only build output. Traversal depth is limited to a single directory because a separately delimited dot-dot segment is collapsed during URL parsing before the guard runs. The default publicPath value of "auto" resolves to "/" and is not affected. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-29180: the guard and offset slice were introduced by that fix and are present in every release from 5.3.4, 6.1.2 and 7.1.0 onward.

Multiple DrayTek VigorSwitch models contain a pre-authentication null pointer dereference vulnerability in the setget.cgi interface. The vulnerability is caused by missing validation when the pass field is absent. A remote attacker can trigger this vulnerability via a crafted request to crash the service and cause a denial of service.

Joomla Extension - joomlack.fr - Reflected XSS in Page Builder CK < 3.6.5 - The Joomla extension Page Builder CK is vulnerable to a reflected XSS via the iscontenttype parameter.

A flaw was found in JSS (Java Security Services). The JSSTrustManager class does not verify NSS trust flags when validating CA certificates, allowing certificates present in the NSS database without TRUSTED_CA flags to be accepted as trust anchors for TLS connections. In non-default configurations where certificate revocation checking is disabled, this could allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to forge certificates accepted by PKI client connections.

Multiple DrayTek VigorSwitch models contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the sysreboot function. The vulnerability is caused by unsafe concatenation of split valueN data into a fixed-size buffer. A remote attacker can trigger this vulnerability via crafted input, causing a denial of service or potentially executing arbitrary commands. Exploitation requires valid administrative credentials for the device's web management interface.

Multiple DrayTek VigorSwitch models contain a command injection vulnerability in the jsonstatus function. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient filtering of the usescript, usefile, and option fields before command execution. A remote attacker can trigger this vulnerability via crafted input to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. Exploitation requires valid administrative credentials for the device's web management interface.